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My study of BuddhistChristian relations in Japan convinced me that the radical transformation-from conflict to dialogue-took place primarily in the 1890s. The major part of the present study, therefore, consists of an examination of the dramatic and traumatic development in those years; it was a decade of bitter hostility and conflict, but it also became the starting point for dialogue and cooperation. My primary concern has been historical: to detect the origin of the peaceful dialogue, to examine its motives and trends, and to uncover the process through which dialogue became possible. This inevitably forced me to search further back: to the initial contact after the opening of Japan in the midnineteenth century, and even to the socalled Christian Century, which began with the arrival of Francis Xavier in 1549 and ended with the seclusion of the country and the proscription of Christianity. The relationship between Buddhism and Christianity at that early stage, however, will only be referred to as far as it bears upon the religious development in the nineteenth century. Preface It has been repeated over and over again that the present dialogue between Buddhists and Christians in Japan has introduced a radically new stage in the relationship between the two religions. One is often left with the impression that the encounter is a recent phenomenon, stimulated by trends in the World Council of Churches or inspired by the Second Vatican Council. It is certainly true that the dialogue in recent years has been characterized by a new intensity and depth, but the exaggerated emphasis on the uniqueness of the present situation reveals a lack of historical perspective. BR1307.T48 1987 261.2'43'0952 8616147 ISBN 0824810066ġ. The Religious Implications of the Opening of JapanĢ. Buddhist Defenses against ChristianityĤ. Christianity and Buddhism in the 1870s and 1880sħ. The Nationalistic Reaction and Buddhist Reform Movementsġ0. Opposition to Equal Status of Religionsġ3. Comparative Religion and Buddhist StudiesĮpilogue: Retrospect and Prospect-The BuddhistChristian Dialogue in Historical Perspective 1. Japan-Church history. 2. Missions to Buddhists-Japan. 3. Christianity and other religions-Buddhism. 4. Buddhism-Relations- Christianity. I. Title.
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Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Thelle, Notto R., 1941– Buddhism and Christianity in Japan. © 1987 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities. Buddhism and Christianity in Japan From Conflict to Dialogue, 1854–1899 Notto R. Thelle